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What are the advantages of liquid fuels

  1. High energy density and easy metering
    Typical LHV:
  • Diesel/light oil: about 4243 MJ/kg42\sim43\ \text{MJ/kg} (varies slightly by grade)
    Stable quality and accurate flow metering make automatic control and stable heat load easy.
  1. Convenient supply and regulation
    Pipeline delivery and valve control are fast; suitable for kilns requiring frequent temperature changes or zone control.

  2. Relatively controllable cleanliness
    Compared with high-ash solid fuels: less fly ash; but attention is needed for sulfur and heavy metals (especially heavy oil) that drive SO2SO_2 emissions and corrosion.

  3. Flame shape can be tailored
    By burner design (swirl, atomization method, staged air), you can realize long/short flames and radiation- or convection-dominant heat transfer.